I just encountered this same error today on a 2GB Pi4 with this card: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0887GP791
Mine was when hitting the "Update RetroPie-Setup Script".
SAMSUNG: EVO Select 128GB MicroSDXC UHS-I U3 100MB/s Full HD & 4K UHD Memory Card with Adapter (MB-ME128HA)
Fresh installation, and only time this card has been used.