Ok... made some progress and want to share my insights.
If you want to use different than the default pins to connect the powerblock to the rpi you should NOT use the range of GPIO1 to GPIO8 for the status pin. These are per default driven HIGH. The others (including the defaults used by power block) are driven LOW. I tried to change that behaviour using the gpio=... and gpio_poweroff=... commands in config.txt without full success. After switching now to GPIO9 and GPIO25 the power block works (I disables SPI just to be sure because GPIO25 belongs to SPI per default).