Ubuntu 18.04 has 5 years of long term support (LTS, i.e. updates) for many of its software packages, whereas 18.10 only has 9 months. See https://www.ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle for more information. The number behind an LTS' version (e.g. 18.04.1) indicates the "point release" or "snapshot", a downloadable installation image which includes any previous updates. An installed Ubuntu LTS becomes the point release via the regular updates.
This may be negligible for a completely local RetroPie. But as soon as it's connected to a network and thus, prone to remote attacks, its system should be updated regularly, and an LTS strongly recommended.