We don't support 3rd party images and yours looks like it was customized and changed from the default RetroPie image.
I see you have a number of services (like snapd or bt-device) which are not standard on RaspiOS and I see also an error related to CPU throttling - maybe the system boot is slow because the CPU's frequency is scaled down.
You can use systemd-analyze how long it takes each system service to start, it may help identify which one is responsible for the slowdown.