You can mark this SOLVED! I remembered I was following another site's suggestion on creating ".SH" files to automatically launch games in DOSBox without having to manually type the commands. Along the way, I had modified the es_systems.cfg file to give it an entry so it would show as an emulator because it wasn't coming up after installing DOSBox.
It turns out, there's more than one es_systems.cfg file. The one I posted above was in the ETC path. I found another one under /opt/retropie/configs/all/emulationstation/
When I opened it up, I guess I had somehow split the line:
<command>/opt/retropie/supplementary/runcommand/runcommand.sh 0 _SYS_ pc %ROM%</command>
into this:
<command>/opt/retropie/supplementary/
runcommand/runcommand.sh 0 _SYS_ pc %ROM%
</command>
Once I backspaced each separation so it was on one line, it worked! Well, the "+Start DOSBox" entry works, but the ".SH" scripts I made do not launch the games properly, so that will be my next mission. Thanks for your help BuZz.