Is this solved already?

If not: I would run ssh -v pi@<address>, it should give you a hint.
If you are still puzzled: Mount the SD card of the clone in your Mac, look for a file /etc/hostname. Edit the file and change the hostname to something different e.g rpi-clone. Boot your Rpi with this SD card and try SSH'ing again.

HTH

SSH works. I can go into my terminal program and SSH into the pi just fine. But when I open CyberDuck (my FTP/SFTP client) and try to connect, it just times out. I have not changed the default password.

Are you sure you're using SFTP/SCP as a connection type ? FTP would not work with SSH.

When I try to connect to the SMB share through Finder, it won't accept my password.

Have you tried as 'Guest' ? That should work also - no problem using that on any version of RetroPie/Raspbian.

Hey! A bit late haha

So... I don't know much of cmake, but I ALWAYS like to start by the official website and documentation.

I found an official tutorial on the official website:
https://cmake.org/cmake-tutorial/

Not the BEST answer but I hope it helps...

Cya!

@connormalc Raspbian is just a linux distro with specific Raspberry Pi bits, for x86 hardware I'd install another distro which might be better supported on the PC. PIXEL is the name of the former desktop environment for Raspbian, I don't see how that would help you, maybe you meant NOOBS ?
I'd advise using bootcamp to try out Ubuntu - get the LTS 18.04 version - and install RetroPie on Ubuntu as explained in the Docs.
RetroPie does not run on Windows and while Emulationstation and most of the emulators run also on Windows, it would take some time to manually configure them to work together.

@mr_smt That seems to look like a warning, but it might indicate that your installation does not have hardware accelerated graphics (maybe due to running in a vm) and the emulator needs it in order to run.

I'd suggest to use something that's native to your os (macOS) like OpenEmu or RetroArch. You could also use AttractMode as a frontend, in combination with RetroArch, if the default RetroArch interface is not enough.