@SpudsMcToole I just edited that post that @UDb23 is linking to above with a note that setting the display resolution is no longer necessary with AdvanceMAME 3.x because it now has improved Pi support for video settings.
As for the fancier filters like bloom and trail effects, I would love to see this, but these options are not available on the older versions of MAME that are otherwise working nicely on the Pi. However, it would be interesting to explore newer versions of MAME that are experimentally available to see if it is possible to get an advanced shader like this working. Effects like those that were running on the old AAE emulator in Windows were amazing, but if I recall, even back then it required a decent GPU to pull them off. Can the Pi handle such a challenge, even if it was being done almost a decade past? I have doubts. I have settled for high-res vectors, some transparency and flicker, and maybe some shadow masks on color.
MAME shaders aside, I am curious about what could be done with a retroarch shader in this regard. I don't really know much about them, but someone like @davej might be able to pull a rabbit out of hat, even if it meant making a few compromises. To make it worthwhile, we would first want vector games to render in full-res on lr-mame2003, not to mention, someone like davej would need to have more than a passing interest in old vector games to generously contribute his time to the effort.