There is no fps slider or setting, like in every system. You could control the fps with syncing to monitors refresh rate, that would be the way. If 60 Hz is not possible, it jumps down to 30 Hz, which leads to (hopefully stable) 30 fps. There should be a V-Sync option, which does exactly that, but I don't know more about it. And jumping from 60 Hz to 30 Hz and back is never smooth, so its should stay at 30 Hz / Fps. Maybe there is somewhere a setting for it.
Besides this, if you have some speed and sound issues, look here:
https://retropie.org.uk/docs/Speed-Issues/
and
https://retropie.org.uk/docs/Sound-Issues/
So, basically reduce resolution and some other settings. Maybe your pi is over heating and slowing down. And maybe you want overclocking, but only if you have a cooler. For audio, maybe change audio_driver=sdl (default is alsa). I had this issue too and I think this is what I did too to solve this.