I came across this exact issue this weekend. My situation is, honestly I was curious about having OctoPi for my 3D printing and RetroPi to test some games.
To keep it short:
I was using a 128gb Samsung EVO SD card while dual booting (using berryboot)with Retropie and Octopi.
After trying to get it working by uninstalling and re-installing amongst other things, I decided to try another 32GB SD card also a Samsung Evo.
I installed RetroPie (From berryboot) first. Verified that the images booted successfully.
I added the octopi image from the berryboot images page and copied that over successfully.
I applied updates to RetroPie first then to OctoPi.
After configuring OctoPi to the way I needed it (after many hours of researching) after rebooting, both images still booted with no issue.
I made a backup of the SD card with my desired setup then restored that backup to the 128gb chip. I plan to test this chip to see if I have the same results.
Sidenote: In further research of this issue, the problem seems to be with permissions. This command seems to have worked for those getting the error. A reboot was required afterwards:
sudo usermod -a -G video yourusername